Title

Analytical Procedures Used in Examining Human Urine Samples

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-30-2002

Publication Title

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

Abstract

The source of information about the state of our environment can be both the abiotic part of the environ-ment (water, soil, air) and samples of the biotic part, including tissues and body fluids of humans, who are continuously exposed to a wide spectrum of xenobiotic chemicals. The investigation of human body fluids (mainly blood and urine) can be a useful and interesting way to obtain information about the state of the environment. However, in order to examine the composition of physiological fluids such as urine or blood, collected samples have to be pretreated prior to final determination, because they have a very complex matrix, pre-cluding direct determination of analytes by any of the available analytical methods. This paper is a review of the literature regarding: -analyte isolation and/or enrichment techniques from samples of human urine prior to their final deter-mination; -final determination methods for a wide variety of analytes (both organic and inorganic) in urine samples. The review includes both the primary form of pollutants that entered the human body as a result of environmental or workplace exposure and the products of their metabolism in the organism. The determination of metabolites (biomarkers) in urine is often used as a quantitative indicator of ex-posure to a given substance (so-called biomonitoring).

Volume

12

Issue

5

First Page

503

Last Page

512

ISSN

1230-1485

Rights

HARD Publishing

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